With keen psychological insight far ahead if its time, leading to wide misinterpretation among critics upon its first publication in 1846, Dostoevsky's second novel is now recognized as one of his most important works and one that inspired literally hundreds of imitations. Unhappy with the negative reception for The Double. Dostoevsky re-wrote his original version of 1846 fifteen years later. Dostoevsky wrote, "This revision, provided with an introduction, will be the equivalent of a new novel. They will finally see what The Double is...In a word, I'm challenging everybody to a battle... Why should I lose a superb idea, a great type in its social importance, which I was the first to discover and of which I was the herald."

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