Every year as solar photovoltaic systems become a viable economic source of green energy with increasing installations, economic solutions are being sought to address issues stemming from different aspects of photovoltaic utilization schemes. Modern research continues in all areas, from materials science to manufacturing and interconnection to ensure efficient use and economic viability in terms of cost, safety, and sustainability of photovoltaic and hybrid Photovoltaic wind storage systems. Some areas focus on photovoltaic topologies, dynamic sun tracking, maximum credit control, storage devices and an efficient decoupled interface with a smart grid and a smart building to ensure dynamic matching of energy needs with load with minimal impact on the public network. Also, studies of smart grid energy management and decentralized generation have become other additional areas of demand management and energy-efficient renewable energy supply companies

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