C.S. Lewis's The Problem of Pain explores one of the deepest questions in Christian thought: if God is good and all-powerful, why does suffering exist? Lewis begins by examining human concepts of divine goodness and power, pointing out that many people equate goodness with kindness. He argues instead that God's goodness is aimed at shaping humans into what they were created to be, which sometimes requires allowing pain. He then explains the nature of pain as both physical and emotional, showing how suffering can strip away illusions, awaken moral awareness, and draw people closer to God. Lewis addresses the fallen state of humanity, emphasizing that free will is necessary for love and moral choice, but it also opens the door to sin and its consequences, including suffering. Finally, Lewis explores specific types of suffering, such as animal pain and human anguish, acknowledging their difficulty while offering a Christian framework of hope. He concludes that pain, though deeply troubling, can serve a higher purpose in God's plan, pointing ultimately to redemption and eternal joy

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